Background and Aim: Many aspects and features of auditory system can be improved by musical training. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a stringed musical instrument playing course on Temporal resolution and Temporal fine structure (TFS) processing. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 44 normal-hearing adults aged 20–, 40 years divided to two groups. The first group included 22 stringed musical instruments players (13 males) with at least three years of experience, and the second group were 22 non-players (13 males). The random gap detection test (RGDT) was used to measure Temporal resolution aspect of hearing. For TFS processing, latest version of Temporal fine structure-adaptive frequency (TFS-AF) test was used. Results: The TFS-AF results showed no statistically significant difference between groups in different interaural phase differences (IPDs). The RGDT results showed significant differences between groups at 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz, but not at 4000 Hz. Spearman correlation test results showed no statistically significant correlation between the results of TFS-AF and RGDT. Conclusion: Musical training has no effect on TFS processing but considerably enhances gap detection ability. Their underlying mechanisms for TFS processing and gap detection are different.

Background and Aim: This study investigated whether objective Temporal processing paradigms including voice-onset-time, speechin- noise, and amplitude modulated-broad-band noise (AM-BBN) are sensitive to disrupted Temporal processing in elderly listeners with normal hearing (age-related-Temporal processing deficit).Methods: We evaluated 15 adults aged 64–80 years using behavioural measures of Temporal processing Temporal modulation transfer function (TMTF) and speech perception. Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) were elicited by three Temporal paradigms presented in the sound field at 65 dBSPL: (1) naturally produced stop consonant-vowel (CV) syllables /da/-/ta/ and /ba/-/pa/; (2) speech-innoise stimuli using the speech sound /da/with varying signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs); and (3) 16 Hz amplitude-modulated (AM) BBN presented in two conditions: (i) alone (representing a Temporally modulated stimulus) and (ii) following an unmodulated BBN (representing a Temporal change in the stimulus) using four modulation depths.Results: Findings demonstrated a statistically significant mean difference in n1 latency (p<0.05) between normally hearing elderly and young adult listeners in all paradigms. Compared with young adult participants, n1 latency of the CAEP was always prolonged for elderly participants.Conclusions: The three developed Temporal processing paradigms are sensitive to disrupted Temporal processing in elderly participants, and n1 latency may serve as a reliable objective measure of the efficiency of auditory Temporal processing. The aging process affects Temporal representations of the acoustic stimulus and reduces the ability to detect Temporal cues, evidenced by abnormal n1 latency.